Early pregnancy following multidrug regimen chemotherapy in a gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patient

RATIONALE Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is a group of rare tumors that can be cured using chemotherapy. The use of artificial contraception for at least 1 year is recommended not only due to the high recurrence rate in the first year after treatment, but also because of the unclear genetic toxic effects of multidrug regimen chemotherapy on reproductive cells. There is no consensus about the contraception duration, but most patients want to have children. PATIENT CONCERNS This case involved a 33-year-old female suffering from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and 5-fluorouracil + actinomycin-D chemotherapy. She became pregnant 1 month after finishing the chemotherapy. DIAGNOSIS Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. INTERVENTIONS No treatment during pregnancy. OUTCOMES The patient had a full-term normal delivery, and the baby showed normal development and growth after a follow-up of 48 months. LESSONS Pregnancy soon after chemotherapy can be viable with rigorous prenatal care.